August 26, , always raises mixed feelings for me. I can join in the spirit of celebration over how far women have come from the days when my graduate school professor announced in class that if the political science department ever hired a woman, he would leave. When I was told I could not change my name from my married name to my 鈥渕aiden鈥� name; when flight attendants were all women who had passed an 鈥渁ttractiveness鈥� test; and domestic workers had no rights to fair pay nor protection from assault and sexual harassment. And, of course, I remain grateful to Rep. (D-NY), who almost single-handedly pushed the creation of 鈥淲omen鈥檚 Equality Day鈥� through Congress in 1971.
The date was selected to commemorate the 1920 passage of the , granting women the right to vote (though a meaningful extension of this right for African American women in many states did not occur until the 1964 Voting Rights Act). The passage of the 19th Amendment was the culmination of a massive, peaceful civil rights movement by women that had its formal beginnings in 1848 at the world鈥檚 first women鈥檚 rights convention, in , New York. Workplaces, libraries, organizations, and public facilities now participate with Women鈥檚 Equality Day programs, displays, video showings, or other activities.
This is all good. So why my lingering sense of discontent when the subject of equal rights for women comes up? It may be based, in part, on personal experience. I lived in Illinois in the 1970s when the very last states were scheduled to vote to ratify the (ERA). Having passed Congress and been ratified by 35 states, it seemed that the ERA was on the path to becoming part of the Constitution.
But , doyenne of the right-wing, anti-feminist women鈥檚 movement, decided to stop Illinois鈥� ratification of the ERA, making that goal explicit by starting an organization called . Her followers baked pies for Illinois legislators with the message Stop ERA hidden inside. She traveled tirelessly to argue against the ERA. She raised the specter of 鈥渉orrible consequences鈥� that would follow from its passage, such as women in military combat and unisex bathrooms. On June 18, 1980, Schlafly succeeded when the Illinois legislature failed by five votes to ratify the ERA. Our current Congress would never pass its equivalent, though it has been reintroduced in every session of Congress since 1982.
Certainly, another source of my discontent is the ongoing plight of , whose safety net is now shredded, so that life is increasingly unmanageable and the struggle to keep food on the table is harder every year. As the gap in income widens inexorably, these women and their children are, far from equal, being left farther and farther behind. A growing number of women continue to live in fear of violence, wage theft, and abuse by employers, with little access to public services and usually facing a hostile welfare system. Their rights are limited by their lack of earning power and, often, their lack of a good education.
Fighting for women鈥檚 equality is an arduous but necessary process, ploddingly pursued by dedicated women and men who refuse to accept a lesser role for women in society.
But women do have a number of avenues to redress unequal treatment. The became law in 1994 (though periodic reauthorizations are still a struggle). became the basis for the transformation of women鈥檚 and girls鈥� participation in sports in 1972. Women have successfully sued for equal pay for equal work, equal access to promotion, equal right to a military career, and pregnancy rights in the workplace. In international settings, the pursuit of rights for women is increasingly seen as an important key to unlocking the potential for improvements for a country as a whole.
Women鈥檚 rights organizations continue to organize, lobby, and litigate in areas that remain intransigent, such as family leave, child care, equal pay, protection from sterilization, domestic violence, and the rights of women in prison. Massive problems, such as human trafficking, persist. is an arduous but necessary process, ploddingly pursued by dedicated women and men who refuse to accept a lesser role for women in society.
鈥淲omen鈥檚 rights are human rights鈥�--a current anthem of the women鈥檚 movement--remains a vision, a goal, and a noble quest that we pursue at the 妻友社区. As we say, 鈥淎 world that is good for women is good for everyone."
Jean Hardisty, Ph.D., was a senior scholar at the 妻友社区 at until she passed away in 2015. She was the of Political Research Associates (PRA), a Boston-based research center that analyzes right-wing, authoritarian, and anti-democratic trends and publishes educational materials for the general public.