This paper investigates the sources of work-family strains and gains in a sample of 300 two-earner couples. While most men and women report work-family gains, not all individuals experienced work-family strains. Workload and the quality of experiences at work and at home were major predictors of work-family strains.  Experiences at work and at home, social support, and sex-role attitudes were major predictors of work-family gains.